Calculate the volume of a solid with a base region R, where R is enclosed by f(x) =...

Check the final answer first, then review the worked steps.

Problem

Calculate the volume of a solid with a base region R, where R is enclosed by f(x) = x^(1/3) + 1, y = -2, x = 0, and x = 3. The cross-sections perpendicular to the x-axis are isosceles right triangles with a leg in R.

Answer

25.735

Step-by-step solution

  1. Determine the boundaries of the region R: The region R is bounded by the function $f(x) = x^{1/3} + 1$, the horizontal line $y = -2$, and the vertical lines $x = 0$ and $x = 3$. This means we are considering the area between the curve $f(x)$ and the line $y=-2$ from $x=0$ to $x=3$.

2. Find the length of the leg of the isosceles right triangle: For each cross-section perpendicular to the x-axis, the leg of the isosceles right triangle lies in the region R. The length of this leg at a given $x$ is the difference between the upper boundary ($f(x)$) and the lower boundary ($y=-2$). So, the length of the leg, $s(x)$, is given by:
$$s(x) = f(x) - (-2) = (x^{1/3} + 1) + 2 = x^{1/3} + 3$$

3. Determine the area of each cross-section: The area of an isosceles right triangle with leg $s$ is $ rac{1}{2}s^2$. Therefore, the area of each cross-section, $A(x)$, is:
$$A(x) = \frac{1}{2} [s(x)]^2 = \frac{1}{2} (x^{1/3} + 3)^2$$
Expanding this, we get:
$$A(x) = \frac{1}{2} ((x^{1/3})^2 + 2 \cdot x^{1/3} \cdot 3 + 3^2) = \frac{1}{2} (x^{2/3} + 6x^{1/3} + 9)$$

4. Set up the integral for the volume: The volume of the solid can be found by integrating the area of the cross-sections from $x=0$ to $x=3$:
$$V = \int_{0}^{3} A(x) dx = \int_{0}^{3} \frac{1}{2} (x^{2/3} + 6x^{1/3} + 9) dx$$

5. Evaluate the integral: We can pull the constant $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral:
$$V = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{3} (x^{2/3} + 6x^{1/3} + 9) dx$$
Now, we find the antiderivative of each term:
$$ \int x^{2/3} dx = \frac{x^{2/3+1}}{2/3+1} = \frac{x^{5/3}}{5/3} = \frac{3}{5}x^{5/3} $$
$$ \int 6x^{1/3} dx = 6 \frac{x^{1/3+1}}{1/3+1} = 6 \frac{x^{4/3}}{4/3} = 6 \cdot \frac{3}{4}x^{4/3} = \frac{18}{4}x^{4/3} = \frac{9}{2}x^{4/3} $$
$$ \int 9 dx = 9x $$
So, the antiderivative of $(x^{2/3} + 6x^{1/3} + 9)$ is $(\frac{3}{5}x^{5/3} + \frac{9}{2}x^{4/3} + 9x)$.

Now, we evaluate the definite integral:
$$V = \frac{1}{2} \left[ \frac{3}{5}x^{5/3} + \frac{9}{2}x^{4/3} + 9x \right]_{0}^{3}$$
$$V = \frac{1}{2} \left[ \left( \frac{3}{5}(3)^{5/3} + \frac{9}{2}(3)^{4/3} + 9(3) \right) - \left( \frac{3}{5}(0)^{5/3} + \frac{9}{2}(0)^{4/3} + 9(0) \right) \right]$$
$$V = \frac{1}{2} \left[ \frac{3}{5}(3)^{5/3} + \frac{9}{2}(3)^{4/3} + 27 \right]$$
Using a calculator to approximate the values:
$$(3)^{5/3} \approx 6.24025$$
$$(3)^{4/3} \approx 4.60555$$
$$V \approx \frac{1}{2} \left[ \frac{3}{5}(6.24025) + \frac{9}{2}(4.60555) + 27 \right]$$
$$V \approx \frac{1}{2} \left[ 3.74415 + 20.724975 + 27 \right]$$
$$V \approx \frac{1}{2} \left[ 51.469125 \right]$$
$$V \approx 25.7345625$$

6. Round to the nearest thousandth: The problem asks to round the volume to the nearest thousandth.
$$V \approx 25.735$$